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Partner Jenny Speck is presenting an “Overview of Section 45Q, 45V, and 45Z Tax Credits and Applicable Monetization Rules” to the Texas Hydrogen Alliance membership on Tuesday, March 25 at 1pm CT.

If past is prologue, while the second Trump administration is expected to take a number of actions that could lead to increased volatility with respect to renewable identification number (“RIN”) prices just as the first did, there are signals that the administration may take a more deliberate approach this time to reduce shocks to the RIN market, all the more given the interest in supporting renewable fuel production as a domestic fuel source. And while the California Air Resources Board (“CARB”) took steps last year that impact the ability of biogas projects to generate Low Carbon Fuel Standard (“LCFS”) credits, state legislative headwinds could eventually result in the opening of new environmental credit markets to shore up demand for renewable natural gas (“RNG”). Overall, while significant uncertainty and risk of RIN volatility remains, there continue to be signals from both the federal executive and legislative branches in support of the federal Renewable Fuel Standard (“RFS”).

For more than twenty years, the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”), and later, the United States‑Mexico-Canada Agreement (“USMCA”), have facilitated cross-border trade and investment among the United States, Mexico, and Canada through the elimination of virtually all financial barriers to trade.

On January 10, 2025, the Treasury Department (the “Treasury”) and the Internal Revenue Service (the “Service”) continued their flurry of new guidance by releasing IRS Notice 2025-10 (the “Notice”) concerning the clean fuel production credit available under section 45Z of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code,” and such credit, the “Clean Fuel Production Credit”),¹ for certain clean fuels produced and sold between January 1, 2025 and December 31, 2027.²

On December 4, 2024, the Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”) and the Internal Revenue Service (the “Service”) issued final regulations [TD 10015] (the “Final Regulations”) for the energy credit available under section 48 (the “ITC”) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

As Vinson & Elkins prepares to host its “Energy Transition and IRA Conference” in New York on November 7, 2024 (just two days after the upcoming presidential election), we ask ourselves, where have we been and where might we be going with the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the IRA)?

Much has been written about the benefits of tax credit transfers following the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), but questions remain as to how to actually effectuate a transfer.

On September 18, 2024, the Department of Treasury (the “Treasury”) and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) (1) issued proposed regulations (the “Proposed Regulations”) providing guidance to taxpayers on the Alternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Credit available under section 30C of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“30C Credit”) and (2) released Notice 2024-64 (the “Notice”)¹ to correct certain technical issues related to mapping tools used to identify eligible census tracts for the 30C Credit.²

On August 30, 2024, the Department of Treasury (the “Treasury”) and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) issued proposed regulations (the “Proposed Regulations”) providing additional guidance to taxpayers on the “Low-Income Communities Bonus” (“LICB”) available under section 48E(h) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

On August 14, 2024, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (“D.C. Circuit”) released a redacted copy of its opinion in Sinclair Wyoming Refining Co. LLC v. EPA,¹ in which the D.C. Circuit upended the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (“EPA” or the “Agency”) overly restrictive treatment of the Renewable Fuel Standard (“RFS”) program’s small refinery exemption (“SRE”) and mostly vacated a series of denials issued by EPA in 2022 to companies petitioning for the SRE.

On May 31, 2024, the Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”) and the Internal Revenue Service continued to churn out Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”)¹ guidance by releasing Notice 2024-49 (the “Notice”) regarding the clean fuel production tax credit (the “45Z Credit”)² available under new section 45Z of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

On May 29, 2024, the Treasury Department (the “Treasury”) and the Internal Revenue Service (the “Service”) issued proposed regulations (REG-119283-23) (the “proposed regulations”) regarding the clean electricity production tax credit and the clean electricity investment tax credit provided by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”)¹ and available under new sections 45Y and 48E, respectively, of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).